Sunday, September 10, 2023

Book Review: Why Nation Fail, the origin of power, prosperity, and poverty by Daron Acemoglu & James A. Robinson

  • Preface Why Egyptians filled Tahrir Square to bring down Hosni Mubarak and what it means for our understanding of the causes of prosperity and poverty
  • 1. So close and yet so different, Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, have the same people, culture, and geography. Why is one rich and one poor?
    • The economics of the Rio Grande
    • The founding of Buenos Aires
    • From Cajamarca ...
    • .... to Jamestown
    • A tale of two constitutions
    • Having an idea, starting a firm, and getting a loan
    • Path-dependent change
    • Making a billion or two
    • Toward a theory of world inequality
  • 2. Theories that don't work, poor countries are poor not because of their geographies or cultures, or because their leaders do not know which policies will enrich their citizens
    • The lay of the land
    • The geography hypothesis
    • The culture hypothesis
    • The ignorance hypothesis

  • 3. The making of prosperity and poverty, how prosperity and poverty are determined by the incentives created by institutions, and how politics determines what institutions a nation has
    • The economics of the 38th parallel
    • Extractive and inclusive economic institutions
    • Engines of prosperity
    • Extractive and inclusive political institutions
    • Why not always choose prosperity?
    • The long agony of the Congo
    • Growth under extractive political institutions
  • 4. Small differences and critical junctures: the weight of history, how institutions change through political conflict and how the past shapes the present
    • The world the plague created
    • The making of inclusive institutions
    • Small difference that matter
    • The contigent path of history
    • Understanding lay of the land
  • 5. "I've seen the future, and it works": Growth under extractive institutions, what Stalin, King Shyaam, the Neolithic Revolution, and the Maya city-states all had in common and how this explains why China's current economic growth cannot last
    • I've seen the future
    • On the banks of the Kasai
    • The long summer
    • The unstable extraction
    • What goes wrong?
  • 6.Difting apart, how institutions evolve over time, often slowly difting apart
    • How Venice became a museum
    • Roman virtues...
    • ... Roman vices
    • No one writes from Vindolanda
    • Diverging paths
    • Consequencess of early growth
  • 7.The turning point, how a political revolution in 1688 changed institutions in England and led to the Industrial Revolution
    • Trouble with stockings, William Lee's stocking knitting Tmachine
    • The glorious revolution
    • The industrial revolution
    • Why in England
  • 8. Not on our turf: barriers to development, why the politically powerful in many nations opposed the industrial revolution
    • No printing allowed
    • A small difference that mattered, Spain vs England
    • Fear of industry, Habsburg empire
    • No shipping allowed, Ming and Qing dynasties in China
    • The absolutism of Prester John, Ehiopia
    • The children of samaale, Somalia
  • 9.Reversing developmen, how European colonialism impoverished large parts of the world
    • Spice and genocide, Southeast Asia
    • The all-to-usual institution, Slave trade and slavery 
    • Making dual economy. South Africa
    • Development reversed 
  • 10 The diffusion of prosperity, how some parts of the world took different paths to prosperity from that of Britain
    • Hornor among thieves, Australia
    • Breaking the barriers: The French revolution
    • Exporting the revolution, Europe
    • Seeking modernity, Japan
    • Roots of world inequality
  • 11. The virtuous circle, how institutions that encourage prosperity create positive feedback loops that prevent the efforts by elites to undermine them
    • The black act ,UK
    • The slow march of democracy, UK
    • Busting trusts, USA
    • Packing the court, FDR in USA
    • Positive feedback and virtuous circles
  • 12. The vicious circle, How institutions that create poverty generate negative feedback loops and endure
    • You can't take the train to Bo anymore Sierra Leone
    • From Encomienda to land grab Guatemala
    • From slavery to Jim Crow US South
    • The iron law of Oligarchy Ethiopia
    • Negative feeback and vicious circles
  • 13. Why nations fail today, institutions, institutions, institutions
    • How to win the lottery in Zimbabwe
    • A children's crusade? Siere Leone and sub-Sahara Africa's child soldiers
    • Who is the state? Colombia
    • El Corralito, Argentina
    • The new absolutism, North Korea
    • King cotton, Uzbekistan
    • Keeping the playing field at an angle, Egypt
    • Why nations fail
  • 14. Breaking the mold, how a few countries changed their economic trajectory by changing their institution
    • Three African Chiefs, Botswana
    • The end of the southern extraction, US
    • Rebirth in China, China under Deng 
  • 15. Understanding prosperity and povery, how the world could have been different and how understanding this can explain why most attempts to combat poverty have failed
    • Historical Origins
    • The irresistible charm of authoritarian growth
    • You can't engineer prosperity
    • The failure of foreign aid
    • Empowerment